Introduction Literary criticism can widen a reader’s understanding of an author’s work by summarizing, interpreting, and exploring its value. Literary criticism is the consideration of literary works and issues, and it applies to any presentation about literature, whether or not works are analyzed. However, many students are unaware of this word, but understanding literary criticism … Read more
Saussure is known as the father of modern linguistics. He is a structuralist. He gave the theory of signs. Through this work, he tries to search for the underline scientific objective and structure of a phenomenon. In order to understand his work, I have included informative images and divided the topic into the following categories. … Read more
Michel Foucault is not a Freudian, Marxist, Socialist, Structuralist or a Literary Theorist but a post-structuralist thinker. However, he draws on ideas and assumptions from them. According to him, his primary concern is not to analyze the concept of authors throughout the ages but to show their relationship with the text. He tries to figure … Read more
French Feminism French feminism began during the French revolution of 1789. It was the first phase in which the women demanded equal rights including gender equality, the right to divorce for women, education for women and right to vote. The second wave of feminism was from 1940 to 1990. The woman in this phase got … Read more
Introduction Althusser was a Structuralist Marxist. He wrote ideology and ideological state apparatuses in French which was published in 1970. In this essay, Althusser tells how the conditions of means of production and productive forces are reproduced and maintained in society. Reproduction of Conditions of Production According to Althusser the reproduction of the productive forces … Read more
Introduction Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak a postcolonial Theory calls herself “a practical Marxist feminist deconstructionist”. She discourages and dismantles western centres and challenges there over history and prejudice. She considers postmodernism as politically contradictory and ambivalent. In the text “can the subaltern speak” she tries to overthrow the binary opposition between subject and object, self and … Read more
Definition New Criticism, in simple terms, is a critical movement that propagates the idea of ‘art for art’s sake’.” In focusing on the text itself (“close reading“), New Critics intentionally ignore the author, the reader, and the social context. New Criticism is an approach to literature made popular in the 20th century that evolved out of … Read more
